股權融資英文
「私募股權融資稅法規制研究」的英文如何翻譯。謝謝 查看原帖>>
滿意請採納
❷ 私募股權融資稅法規制研究的英文如何翻譯
「私募股權融資稅法規制研究」的英文如何翻譯。謝謝 查看原帖>>
❸ 融資方式 英文翻譯
Financing Method 例句：
An Empirical Study of Equity Financing Method of Listed Companies
上市公司股權融資方式的實證研究
Financing way，Financing Mode也可以。
❹ 求財務方面的英文術語!
1、會計：accounting
會計是以貨幣為主要計量單位，運用專門的方法，對企業、機關單位或其他經濟組織的經濟活動進行連續、系統、全面地反映和監督的一項經濟管理活動。
2、資產：Asset
資產是指由企業過去的交易或事項形成的、由企業擁有或者控制的、預期會給企業帶來經濟利益的資源。不能帶來經濟利益的資源不能作為資產，是企業的權利。資產按照流動性可以劃分為流動資產、長期投資、固定資產、無形資產和其他資產。
3、負債：Liability
負債實質上是企業在一定時期之後必須償還的經濟債務，其償還期或具體金額在它們發生或成立之時就已由合同、法規所規定與制約，是企業必須履行的一種義務。
4、收入：Revenue
收入按企業從事日常活動的性質不同，分為銷售商品收入、提供勞務收入和讓渡資產使用權收入。收入按企業經營業務的主次不同，分為主營業務收入和其他業務收入。
5、費用：Expense
費用是企業在日常活動中發生的會導致所有者權益減少的、與向所有者分配利潤無關的經濟利益的總流出。
❺ 股權融資的方式有哪些
股權融資是指企業的股東願意讓出部分企業所有權，通過企業增資的方式引進新的股東的融資方式。股權融資所獲得的資金，企業無須還本付息，但新股東將與老股東同樣分享企業的贏利與增長。股權融資是中小企業理想的一種融資途徑。那股權融資方式主要有：
一、吸收風險投資
風險投資（英文縮寫VC）是指風險基金公司用他們籌集到的資金投入到他們認為可以賺錢的行業和產業的投資行為。風險投資基金投資的對象多為高風險的高科技創新企業。對風險項目的選擇和決策也是非常嚴謹。在國外,簽約的項目一般只佔全部申請項目的1％左右。
二、私募股權融資
私募股權融資（英文縮寫PE）是指融資人通過協商，招標等非社會公開方式，向特定投資人出售股權進行的融資。私募股權融資具有一些顯著的特點：一是在融資上,主要通過非公開方式面向少數機構投資者或個人募集,絕少涉及公開市場的操作；二是權益型融資；三是私營公司和非上市企業居多；四融資期限較長，一般可達3至5年或更長；四是投資退出渠道多樣化等等。
據一份權威報告顯示，目前湖北省中小企業私募股權融資總規模在3000～4000億元之間，占湖北省中小企業融資總額的50％～55％。私募股權融資已經成為越來越多的中小企業融資之首選。
三、上市融資
現在的中小板和創業板也為中小企業融資帶來新的希望，但企業上市是一項紛繁浩大的系統工程,需要企業提前一到二年時間(甚至更長)做各項准備工作。他也是一項專業性極強的工作,例如需要編寫的各項文件資料就多達40種以上。所以按國際慣例,在企業股改上市過程中都需聘請專業的咨詢機構幫忙運作。
以上任何一種股權融資方式的成功運用，都首先要求企業具備清晰的股權結構、完善的管理制度和優秀的管理團隊等各項管理能力。所以企業自身管理能力的提高將是各項融資准備工作的首要任務。
❻ 債權融資和股權融資的英文怎麼翻譯.謝謝了
debt financing
equity financing
❼ 什麼是股權融資，股權融資的方式有哪幾種
股權融資是指企業的股東願意讓出部分企業所有權，通過企業增資的方式引進新的股東，同時使總股本增加的融資方式。
股權融資方式：
1、天使投資。天使投資是風險投資的一種，當創始人的企業夢想還只停留在想法層面時，天使投資人就會像天使一樣，出資幫創始人實現創業夢想。
2、VC投資。風險投資（Venture Capital），簡稱 VC，是把資本投向具有較高風險的高新技術領域，促使高新技術產品盡快商品化、產業化，以取得高資本收益的一種投資行為。
3、股權眾籌。股權眾籌融資，主要是指通過互聯網形式，進行公開小額股權融資的活動。股權眾籌融資，必須通過股權眾籌融資中介機構平台進行，小額、公開、大眾是其主要特點。
4、PE投資。PE投資即 Private Equity（私募股權投資），是指向具有高成長性的非上市企業進行股權投資，並提供相應的管理和其他增值服務，以期通過 IPO或者其他方式退出，實現資本增值的資本運作的過程。
5、新三板融資。新三板可以為企業提供方便有效的融資途徑，可以通過定向發行來融資，掛牌企業融資金額少則三五百萬，多則可以達到三五千萬。
6、IPO上市融資。企業上市不僅是市場的需求，也是很多企業家的終極夢想。企業進行IPO上市可以募集資金，吸引投資者，也可以提升企業的流通性，提高企業的知名度以及員工的認同感。
❽ 中英文對照關於中小企業融資問題與對策的外國文獻
中小企業是與所處行業的大企業相比人員規模、資產規模與經營規模都比較小的經濟單位。
不同國家、不同經濟發展的階段、不同行業對其界定的標准不盡相同，且隨著經濟的發展而動態變化。各國一般從質和量兩個方面對中小企業進行定義，質的指標主要包括企業的組織形式、融資方式及所處行業地位等，量的指標則主要包括雇員人數、實收資本、資產總值等。量的指標較質的指標更為直觀，數據選取容易，大多數國家都以量的標准進行劃分，如美國國會2001年出台的《美國小企業法》對中小企業的界定標准為雇員人數不超過500人，英國、歐盟等在採取量的指標的同時，也以質的指標作為輔助。
世界各國和地區中小企業劃分標准：
美國：雇員人數不超過500人
英國：質的規定：市場份額較小；所有者親自管理；企業獨立經營。
量的指標：小製造業：從業人員在200人以下
小建築業、礦業：從業人員在25人以下
小零售業：年銷售收入在18.5萬英鎊以下
小批發業：年銷售收入在73萬英鎊以下
歐盟：雇員人數在250人以下且年產值不超過4000萬埃居、或者資占年度負債總額不超過2700萬埃居、且不被一個或幾個大企業持有25%以上的股權。其中：雇員少於50人、年產值不超過700萬埃居，或者資產年度負債總額不超過500萬埃居，並且有獨立法人地位的企業。
日本：製造業：從業人員300人以下或資本額3億日元以下
批發業：從業人員100人以下或資本額1億日元以下
零售業：從業人員50人以下或資本額5000萬日元以下
服務業：從業人員100人以下或資本額5000萬日元以下
我國目前對中小企業的劃分標准為2003年國家經貿委、國家計委、財政部、國家統計局研究制訂的《中小企業標准暫行規定》，國家統計部門據此制訂大中小型企業的統計分類。
我國中小企業最新劃分標准
根據第九屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十八次會議於2002年6月29日通過的《中華人民共和國中小企業促進法》的精神，原國家家經濟貿易委員會、原國家發展計劃委員會、財政部、國家統計局於2003年2月19日發布了《關於印發中小企業標准暫行規定的通知》（國經貿中小企〔2003〕143號），對主要行業的中小企業的標准作出了明確的界定。該標準是根據企業職工人數、銷售額、資產總額等指標，結合行業特點制定的。按照《通知》的規定，不同行業的中小企業應該按照以下標准認定：
工業，中小型企業須符合以下條件：職工人數2000 人以下，或銷售額30000 萬元以下，或資產總額為40000 萬元以下。其中，中型企業須同時滿足職工人數300 人及以上，銷售額3000 萬元及以上，資產總額4000 萬元及以上；其餘為小型企業。
建築業，中小型企業須符合以下條件：職工人數3000 人以下，或銷售額30000 萬元以下，或資產總額40000 萬元以下。其中，中型企業須同時滿足職工人數600 人及以上，銷售額3000 萬元及以上，資產總額4000 萬元及以上；其餘為小型企業。
批發和零售業，零售業中小型企業須符合以下條件：職工人500 人以下，或銷售額15000 萬元以下。其中，中型企業須同時滿足職工人數100 人及以上，銷售額1000 萬元及以上；其餘為小型企業。
批發業中小型企業須符合以下條件：職工人數200 人以下，或銷售額30000 萬元以下。其中，中型企業須同時滿足職工人數100 人及以上，銷售額3000 萬元及以上；其餘為小型企業。
交通運輸和郵政業，交通運輸業中小型企業須符合以下條件：職工人數3000 人以下，或銷售額30000 萬元以下。其中，中型企業須同時滿足職工人數500 人及以上，銷售額3000 萬元及以上；其餘為小型企業。郵政業中小型企業須符合以下條件：職工人數1000 人以下，或銷售額30000 萬元以下。其中，中型企業須同時滿足職工人數400 人及以上，銷售額3000 萬元及以上；其餘為小型企業。
不同國家、不同經濟發展的階段、不同行業對其界定的標准不盡相同，且隨著經濟的發展而動態變化。各國一般從質和量兩個方面對中小企業進行定義，質的指標主要包括企業的組織形式、融資方式及所處行業地位等，量的指標則主要包括雇員人數、實收資本、資產總值等。量的指標較質的指標更為直觀，數據選取容易，大多數國家都以量的標准進行劃分，如美國國會2001年出台的《美國小企業法》對中小企業的界定標准為雇員人數不超過500人，英國、歐盟等在採取量的指標的同時，也以質的指標作為輔助。
住宿和餐飲業，中小型企業須符合以下條件：職工人數800 人以下，或銷售額15000 萬元以下。其中，中型企業須同時滿足職工人數400 人及以上，銷售額3000 萬元及以上；其餘為小型企業。
「職工人數」以現行統計制度中的年末從業人員數代替；「工業企業的銷售額」以現行統計制度中的年產品銷售收入代替；「建築業企業的銷售額會計科目」以現行統計制度中的年工程結算收入代替；「批發和零售業的銷售額」 以現行統計制度中的年銷售額代替；「交通運輸和郵政業，住宿和餐飲業企業的銷售額」以現行統計制度中的年營業收入代替；「資
產總額」 以現行統計制度中的資產合計代替。規定適用於在中華人民共和國境內依法設立的各類所有制和各種組織形式的企
業，職工人數800 人以下。企業是與所處行業的大企業相比人員規模、資產規模與經營規模都比較小的經濟單位。
中小企業財務困境的現狀或者表現
隨著招商引資力度進一步加大和民營經濟的迅猛發展，中小企業如雨後春筍般不斷涌現，2003年海安國稅新增納稅人1842戶，比上年同期增長47 %.2004年縣政府下達民營企業發展目標，要求新發展個體私營企業 9250戶。不斷增加的中小企業一方面增加了稅源，另一方面也對基層稅收管理帶來很大的挑戰。最近，在進行納稅評估、一般納稅人復檢等工作時事，對中小企業的財務狀況進行抽樣調查，其結果不盡如意，提高中小企業財務核算水平、加強財務管理已刻不容緩。 Which are small and medium-sized instries and large enterprises compared to staff size, asset size and management are relatively small economic units.
Different countries and different economic development stages, in different sectors to define their standards vary, and with the economic development and dynamic change. States generally qualitative and quantitative aspects of the definition of SMEs, the main qualitative indicators, including business forms of organization, financing methods and the status of where the instry, the volume indicators are mainly the number of employees, paid-up capital, total assets and so on. Volume of more qualitative indicators of indicators more intuitive, easy data selection, the majority of countries have divided the volume of standards, such as the U.S. Congress in 2001 introced the "United States Small Business Act" for SMEs to define standards for the number of employees does not exceed 500 people, the United Kingdom, the European Union, taking the volume of indicators, but also to qualitative indicators as a supplement.
Small and medium-sized countries in the world and regional criteria for the classification:
United States: the number of employees not more than 500 people
Britain: a qualitative states: smaller market share; owners personally management; enterprises operating independently.
Volume indicators: a small manufacturing: 200 people employed in the following
Small construction, mining: 25 people employed in the following
Small retail: Sales revenue was £ 185,000 in the following
Small wholesale instry: Sales revenue was £ 730,000 in the following
EU: the number of employees in the following 250 people and an annual output value is not more than 40 million ECU, or the annual funding total liabilities are not accounted for more than 27 million ECU, and do not be one or a few large companies holding more than 25% stake. One of: less than 50 employees, annual output value of not more than 7 million ECU or an annual total liabilities assets not more than five million ECU, and have independent legal status of enterprises.
Japan: Manufacturing: 300 employees or capital below the amount of ¥ 300,000,000
Wholesale instry: 100 employees or capital below the amount of ¥ 100,000,000 following
Retail: 50 employees or capital below the amount of ¥ 50,000,000
Services: 100 employees or capital below the amount of ¥ 50,000,000 following
China's current criteria for the classification of small and medium enterprises for the 2003 National Economic and Trade Commission, the State Planning Commission, Ministry of Finance, National Bureau of Statistics to study the formulation of the "Provisional Regulations on small and medium-sized standards," which national statistical offices to develop the statistical classification of small, medium and large enterprises.
China's latest criteria for the classification of small and medium-sized
According to the Ninth National People's Congress Standing Committee meeting of 28th June 29, 2002 through the "People's Republic of China SME Promotion Law," the spirit of the former State Economic and Trade Commission at home, the former State Development Planning Commission, Ministry of Finance, National Bureau of Statistics in February 19, 2003 issued the "small and medium-sized standards regarding the issuance of the notice required under the temporary" (economic and trade SMEs 〔2003〕 No. 143), the main criteria for small and medium-sized instries has made a specific defined. The standard is based on the number of enterprise employees, sales, total assets, such as indicators, combined with the characteristics of developed instry. In accordance with the "Notice" provisions of the small and medium enterprises in different sectors should be identified in accordance with the following criteria:
Instry, small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: number of employees in 2000 the following people, or sales below 300 million yuan, or total assets of 400 million yuan for the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 300 sales and over 30 million yuan, with total assets of 40 million yuan and above; the rest for small businesses.
The construction instry, small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: number of employees 3000 people following, or sales below 300 million yuan, or total assets of 400 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 600 sales and over 30 million yuan, with total assets of 40 million yuan and above; the rest for small businesses.
Wholesale and retail trade, small and medium-sized retail enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: 500 or fewer workers, or sales of 150 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 100 sales and over 1000萬元; the rest for small businesses.
Wholesale trade of small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: 200 or fewer employees, or sales of 300 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 100 sales and over 30 million yuan; the rest for small businesses.
Transportation and postal service, transport small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: number of employees 3000 people following, or sales of 300 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 500 sales and over 30 million yuan; the rest for small businesses. Post instry small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: number of employees 1000 people following, or sales of 300 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 400 sales and over 30 million yuan; the rest for small businesses.
Different countries and different economic development stages, in different sectors to define their standards vary, and with the economic development and dynamic change. States generally qualitative and quantitative aspects of the definition of SMEs, the main qualitative indicators, including business forms of organization, financing methods and the status of where the instry, the volume indicators are mainly the number of employees, paid-up capital, total assets and so on. Volume of more qualitative indicators of indicators more intuitive, easy data selection, the majority of countries have divided the volume of standards, such as the U.S. Congress in 2001 introced the "United States Small Business Act" for SMEs to define standards for the number of employees does not exceed 500 people, the United Kingdom, the European Union, taking the volume of indicators, but also to qualitative indicators as a supplement.
Accommodation and catering instry, small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: 800 or fewer employees, or sales of 150 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 400 sales and over 30 million yuan; the rest for small businesses.
"Employees" to the existing statistical system of the end of a few employees in lieu of; "sales of instrial enterprises" to the existing statistical system in lieu of annual sales revenue; "construction enterprises sales accounts" to the existing statistical system annual income in lieu of clearing works; "wholesale and retail sales" to the existing statistical system in lieu of annual sales; "transport and postal service, accommodation and catering instry sales enterprise" to the existing statistical system of the year operating income in lieu of; "funding
The total proction "to the existing statistical system in lieu of total assets. Shall apply to the territory of the People's Republic of China established by law and various organizations of various ownership forms of enterprises
Instry, number of employees below 800 people. Enterprises which are instries with large enterprises compared to staff size, asset size and management are relatively small economic units.
The status of the financial plight of small and medium-sized or the performance of
With the investment was further enlarged and the rapid development of private economy, small and medium enterprises such as the continuing mushrooming, MSC 2003, National Tax Added taxpayers 1842, more than 47 percent year-on-year growth in the county government issued .2004 private enterprise development goals requiring new development of indivial and private enterprises 9250. Increasing number of SMEs on the one hand, an increase of tax sources, on the other hand, the grass-roots tax management a great challenge. Recently, ring the tax assessment, the general taxpayer, such as job review current events, the financial situation of small and medium enterprises to conct a sample survey, the results are not smug, improve financial accounting standards for SMEs to strengthen financial management and no time to lose.
❾ b輪融資 英文是什麼要權威
天使輪通常是第一次融資。額度不會太多，產品處於早期孵化階段。 A輪、B輪通常是第二次、第三次（偶爾會有preA preB這樣的）。 越往後股權稀釋越多，風險少，越早期股權越多但風險也大。