股权融资英文
“私募股权融资税法规制研究”的英文如何翻译。谢谢 查看原帖>>
满意请采纳
❷ 私募股权融资税法规制研究的英文如何翻译
“私募股权融资税法规制研究”的英文如何翻译。谢谢 查看原帖>>
❸ 融资方式 英文翻译
Financing Method 例句：
An Empirical Study of Equity Financing Method of Listed Companies
上市公司股权融资方式的实证研究
Financing way，Financing Mode也可以。
❹ 求财务方面的英文术语!
1、会计：accounting
会计是以货币为主要计量单位，运用专门的方法，对企业、机关单位或其他经济组织的经济活动进行连续、系统、全面地反映和监督的一项经济管理活动。
2、资产：Asset
资产是指由企业过去的交易或事项形成的、由企业拥有或者控制的、预期会给企业带来经济利益的资源。不能带来经济利益的资源不能作为资产，是企业的权利。资产按照流动性可以划分为流动资产、长期投资、固定资产、无形资产和其他资产。
3、负债：Liability
负债实质上是企业在一定时期之后必须偿还的经济债务，其偿还期或具体金额在它们发生或成立之时就已由合同、法规所规定与制约，是企业必须履行的一种义务。
4、收入：Revenue
收入按企业从事日常活动的性质不同，分为销售商品收入、提供劳务收入和让渡资产使用权收入。收入按企业经营业务的主次不同，分为主营业务收入和其他业务收入。
5、费用：Expense
费用是企业在日常活动中发生的会导致所有者权益减少的、与向所有者分配利润无关的经济利益的总流出。
❺ 股权融资的方式有哪些
股权融资是指企业的股东愿意让出部分企业所有权，通过企业增资的方式引进新的股东的融资方式。股权融资所获得的资金，企业无须还本付息，但新股东将与老股东同样分享企业的赢利与增长。股权融资是中小企业理想的一种融资途径。那股权融资方式主要有：
一、吸收风险投资
风险投资（英文缩写VC）是指风险基金公司用他们筹集到的资金投入到他们认为可以赚钱的行业和产业的投资行为。风险投资基金投资的对象多为高风险的高科技创新企业。对风险项目的选择和决策也是非常严谨。在国外,签约的项目一般只占全部申请项目的1％左右。
二、私募股权融资
私募股权融资（英文缩写PE）是指融资人通过协商，招标等非社会公开方式，向特定投资人出售股权进行的融资。私募股权融资具有一些显著的特点：一是在融资上,主要通过非公开方式面向少数机构投资者或个人募集,绝少涉及公开市场的操作；二是权益型融资；三是私营公司和非上市企业居多；四融资期限较长，一般可达3至5年或更长；四是投资退出渠道多样化等等。
据一份权威报告显示，目前湖北省中小企业私募股权融资总规模在3000～4000亿元之间，占湖北省中小企业融资总额的50％～55％。私募股权融资已经成为越来越多的中小企业融资之首选。
三、上市融资
现在的中小板和创业板也为中小企业融资带来新的希望，但企业上市是一项纷繁浩大的系统工程,需要企业提前一到二年时间(甚至更长)做各项准备工作。他也是一项专业性极强的工作,例如需要编写的各项文件资料就多达40种以上。所以按国际惯例,在企业股改上市过程中都需聘请专业的咨询机构帮忙运作。
以上任何一种股权融资方式的成功运用，都首先要求企业具备清晰的股权结构、完善的管理制度和优秀的管理团队等各项管理能力。所以企业自身管理能力的提高将是各项融资准备工作的首要任务。
❻ 债权融资和股权融资的英文怎么翻译.谢谢了
debt financing
equity financing
❼ 什么是股权融资，股权融资的方式有哪几种
股权融资是指企业的股东愿意让出部分企业所有权，通过企业增资的方式引进新的股东，同时使总股本增加的融资方式。
股权融资方式：
1、天使投资。天使投资是风险投资的一种，当创始人的企业梦想还只停留在想法层面时，天使投资人就会像天使一样，出资帮创始人实现创业梦想。
2、VC投资。风险投资（Venture Capital），简称 VC，是把资本投向具有较高风险的高新技术领域，促使高新技术产品尽快商品化、产业化，以取得高资本收益的一种投资行为。
3、股权众筹。股权众筹融资，主要是指通过互联网形式，进行公开小额股权融资的活动。股权众筹融资，必须通过股权众筹融资中介机构平台进行，小额、公开、大众是其主要特点。
4、PE投资。PE投资即 Private Equity（私募股权投资），是指向具有高成长性的非上市企业进行股权投资，并提供相应的管理和其他增值服务，以期通过 IPO或者其他方式退出，实现资本增值的资本运作的过程。
5、新三板融资。新三板可以为企业提供方便有效的融资途径，可以通过定向发行来融资，挂牌企业融资金额少则三五百万，多则可以达到三五千万。
6、IPO上市融资。企业上市不仅是市场的需求，也是很多企业家的终极梦想。企业进行IPO上市可以募集资金，吸引投资者，也可以提升企业的流通性，提高企业的知名度以及员工的认同感。
❽ 中英文对照关于中小企业融资问题与对策的外国文献
中小企业是与所处行业的大企业相比人员规模、资产规模与经营规模都比较小的经济单位。
不同国家、不同经济发展的阶段、不同行业对其界定的标准不尽相同，且随着经济的发展而动态变化。各国一般从质和量两个方面对中小企业进行定义，质的指标主要包括企业的组织形式、融资方式及所处行业地位等，量的指标则主要包括雇员人数、实收资本、资产总值等。量的指标较质的指标更为直观，数据选取容易，大多数国家都以量的标准进行划分，如美国国会2001年出台的《美国小企业法》对中小企业的界定标准为雇员人数不超过500人，英国、欧盟等在采取量的指标的同时，也以质的指标作为辅助。
世界各国和地区中小企业划分标准：
美国：雇员人数不超过500人
英国：质的规定：市场份额较小；所有者亲自管理；企业独立经营。
量的指标：小制造业：从业人员在200人以下
小建筑业、矿业：从业人员在25人以下
小零售业：年销售收入在18.5万英镑以下
小批发业：年销售收入在73万英镑以下
欧盟：雇员人数在250人以下且年产值不超过4000万埃居、或者资占年度负债总额不超过2700万埃居、且不被一个或几个大企业持有25%以上的股权。其中：雇员少于50人、年产值不超过700万埃居，或者资产年度负债总额不超过500万埃居，并且有独立法人地位的企业。
日本：制造业：从业人员300人以下或资本额3亿日元以下
批发业：从业人员100人以下或资本额1亿日元以下
零售业：从业人员50人以下或资本额5000万日元以下
服务业：从业人员100人以下或资本额5000万日元以下
我国目前对中小企业的划分标准为2003年国家经贸委、国家计委、财政部、国家统计局研究制订的《中小企业标准暂行规定》，国家统计部门据此制订大中小型企业的统计分类。
我国中小企业最新划分标准
根据第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十八次会议于2002年6月29日通过的《中华人民共和国中小企业促进法》的精神，原国家家经济贸易委员会、原国家发展计划委员会、财政部、国家统计局于2003年2月19日发布了《关于印发中小企业标准暂行规定的通知》（国经贸中小企〔2003〕143号），对主要行业的中小企业的标准作出了明确的界定。该标准是根据企业职工人数、销售额、资产总额等指标，结合行业特点制定的。按照《通知》的规定，不同行业的中小企业应该按照以下标准认定：
工业，中小型企业须符合以下条件：职工人数2000 人以下，或销售额30000 万元以下，或资产总额为40000 万元以下。其中，中型企业须同时满足职工人数300 人及以上，销售额3000 万元及以上，资产总额4000 万元及以上；其余为小型企业。
建筑业，中小型企业须符合以下条件：职工人数3000 人以下，或销售额30000 万元以下，或资产总额40000 万元以下。其中，中型企业须同时满足职工人数600 人及以上，销售额3000 万元及以上，资产总额4000 万元及以上；其余为小型企业。
批发和零售业，零售业中小型企业须符合以下条件：职工人500 人以下，或销售额15000 万元以下。其中，中型企业须同时满足职工人数100 人及以上，销售额1000 万元及以上；其余为小型企业。
批发业中小型企业须符合以下条件：职工人数200 人以下，或销售额30000 万元以下。其中，中型企业须同时满足职工人数100 人及以上，销售额3000 万元及以上；其余为小型企业。
交通运输和邮政业，交通运输业中小型企业须符合以下条件：职工人数3000 人以下，或销售额30000 万元以下。其中，中型企业须同时满足职工人数500 人及以上，销售额3000 万元及以上；其余为小型企业。邮政业中小型企业须符合以下条件：职工人数1000 人以下，或销售额30000 万元以下。其中，中型企业须同时满足职工人数400 人及以上，销售额3000 万元及以上；其余为小型企业。
不同国家、不同经济发展的阶段、不同行业对其界定的标准不尽相同，且随着经济的发展而动态变化。各国一般从质和量两个方面对中小企业进行定义，质的指标主要包括企业的组织形式、融资方式及所处行业地位等，量的指标则主要包括雇员人数、实收资本、资产总值等。量的指标较质的指标更为直观，数据选取容易，大多数国家都以量的标准进行划分，如美国国会2001年出台的《美国小企业法》对中小企业的界定标准为雇员人数不超过500人，英国、欧盟等在采取量的指标的同时，也以质的指标作为辅助。
住宿和餐饮业，中小型企业须符合以下条件：职工人数800 人以下，或销售额15000 万元以下。其中，中型企业须同时满足职工人数400 人及以上，销售额3000 万元及以上；其余为小型企业。
“职工人数”以现行统计制度中的年末从业人员数代替；“工业企业的销售额”以现行统计制度中的年产品销售收入代替；“建筑业企业的销售额会计科目”以现行统计制度中的年工程结算收入代替；“批发和零售业的销售额” 以现行统计制度中的年销售额代替；“交通运输和邮政业，住宿和餐饮业企业的销售额”以现行统计制度中的年营业收入代替；“资
产总额” 以现行统计制度中的资产合计代替。规定适用于在中华人民共和国境内依法设立的各类所有制和各种组织形式的企
业，职工人数800 人以下。企业是与所处行业的大企业相比人员规模、资产规模与经营规模都比较小的经济单位。
中小企业财务困境的现状或者表现
随着招商引资力度进一步加大和民营经济的迅猛发展，中小企业如雨后春笋般不断涌现，2003年海安国税新增纳税人1842户，比上年同期增长47 %.2004年县政府下达民营企业发展目标，要求新发展个体私营企业 9250户。不断增加的中小企业一方面增加了税源，另一方面也对基层税收管理带来很大的挑战。最近，在进行纳税评估、一般纳税人复检等工作时事，对中小企业的财务状况进行抽样调查，其结果不尽如意，提高中小企业财务核算水平、加强财务管理已刻不容缓。 Which are small and medium-sized instries and large enterprises compared to staff size, asset size and management are relatively small economic units.
Different countries and different economic development stages, in different sectors to define their standards vary, and with the economic development and dynamic change. States generally qualitative and quantitative aspects of the definition of SMEs, the main qualitative indicators, including business forms of organization, financing methods and the status of where the instry, the volume indicators are mainly the number of employees, paid-up capital, total assets and so on. Volume of more qualitative indicators of indicators more intuitive, easy data selection, the majority of countries have divided the volume of standards, such as the U.S. Congress in 2001 introced the "United States Small Business Act" for SMEs to define standards for the number of employees does not exceed 500 people, the United Kingdom, the European Union, taking the volume of indicators, but also to qualitative indicators as a supplement.
Small and medium-sized countries in the world and regional criteria for the classification:
United States: the number of employees not more than 500 people
Britain: a qualitative states: smaller market share; owners personally management; enterprises operating independently.
Volume indicators: a small manufacturing: 200 people employed in the following
Small construction, mining: 25 people employed in the following
Small retail: Sales revenue was £ 185,000 in the following
Small wholesale instry: Sales revenue was £ 730,000 in the following
EU: the number of employees in the following 250 people and an annual output value is not more than 40 million ECU, or the annual funding total liabilities are not accounted for more than 27 million ECU, and do not be one or a few large companies holding more than 25% stake. One of: less than 50 employees, annual output value of not more than 7 million ECU or an annual total liabilities assets not more than five million ECU, and have independent legal status of enterprises.
Japan: Manufacturing: 300 employees or capital below the amount of ¥ 300,000,000
Wholesale instry: 100 employees or capital below the amount of ¥ 100,000,000 following
Retail: 50 employees or capital below the amount of ¥ 50,000,000
Services: 100 employees or capital below the amount of ¥ 50,000,000 following
China's current criteria for the classification of small and medium enterprises for the 2003 National Economic and Trade Commission, the State Planning Commission, Ministry of Finance, National Bureau of Statistics to study the formulation of the "Provisional Regulations on small and medium-sized standards," which national statistical offices to develop the statistical classification of small, medium and large enterprises.
China's latest criteria for the classification of small and medium-sized
According to the Ninth National People's Congress Standing Committee meeting of 28th June 29, 2002 through the "People's Republic of China SME Promotion Law," the spirit of the former State Economic and Trade Commission at home, the former State Development Planning Commission, Ministry of Finance, National Bureau of Statistics in February 19, 2003 issued the "small and medium-sized standards regarding the issuance of the notice required under the temporary" (economic and trade SMEs 〔2003〕 No. 143), the main criteria for small and medium-sized instries has made a specific defined. The standard is based on the number of enterprise employees, sales, total assets, such as indicators, combined with the characteristics of developed instry. In accordance with the "Notice" provisions of the small and medium enterprises in different sectors should be identified in accordance with the following criteria:
Instry, small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: number of employees in 2000 the following people, or sales below 300 million yuan, or total assets of 400 million yuan for the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 300 sales and over 30 million yuan, with total assets of 40 million yuan and above; the rest for small businesses.
The construction instry, small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: number of employees 3000 people following, or sales below 300 million yuan, or total assets of 400 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 600 sales and over 30 million yuan, with total assets of 40 million yuan and above; the rest for small businesses.
Wholesale and retail trade, small and medium-sized retail enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: 500 or fewer workers, or sales of 150 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 100 sales and over 1000万元; the rest for small businesses.
Wholesale trade of small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: 200 or fewer employees, or sales of 300 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 100 sales and over 30 million yuan; the rest for small businesses.
Transportation and postal service, transport small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: number of employees 3000 people following, or sales of 300 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 500 sales and over 30 million yuan; the rest for small businesses. Post instry small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: number of employees 1000 people following, or sales of 300 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 400 sales and over 30 million yuan; the rest for small businesses.
Different countries and different economic development stages, in different sectors to define their standards vary, and with the economic development and dynamic change. States generally qualitative and quantitative aspects of the definition of SMEs, the main qualitative indicators, including business forms of organization, financing methods and the status of where the instry, the volume indicators are mainly the number of employees, paid-up capital, total assets and so on. Volume of more qualitative indicators of indicators more intuitive, easy data selection, the majority of countries have divided the volume of standards, such as the U.S. Congress in 2001 introced the "United States Small Business Act" for SMEs to define standards for the number of employees does not exceed 500 people, the United Kingdom, the European Union, taking the volume of indicators, but also to qualitative indicators as a supplement.
Accommodation and catering instry, small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: 800 or fewer employees, or sales of 150 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 400 sales and over 30 million yuan; the rest for small businesses.
"Employees" to the existing statistical system of the end of a few employees in lieu of; "sales of instrial enterprises" to the existing statistical system in lieu of annual sales revenue; "construction enterprises sales accounts" to the existing statistical system annual income in lieu of clearing works; "wholesale and retail sales" to the existing statistical system in lieu of annual sales; "transport and postal service, accommodation and catering instry sales enterprise" to the existing statistical system of the year operating income in lieu of; "funding
The total proction "to the existing statistical system in lieu of total assets. Shall apply to the territory of the People's Republic of China established by law and various organizations of various ownership forms of enterprises
Instry, number of employees below 800 people. Enterprises which are instries with large enterprises compared to staff size, asset size and management are relatively small economic units.
The status of the financial plight of small and medium-sized or the performance of
With the investment was further enlarged and the rapid development of private economy, small and medium enterprises such as the continuing mushrooming, MSC 2003, National Tax Added taxpayers 1842, more than 47 percent year-on-year growth in the county government issued .2004 private enterprise development goals requiring new development of indivial and private enterprises 9250. Increasing number of SMEs on the one hand, an increase of tax sources, on the other hand, the grass-roots tax management a great challenge. Recently, ring the tax assessment, the general taxpayer, such as job review current events, the financial situation of small and medium enterprises to conct a sample survey, the results are not smug, improve financial accounting standards for SMEs to strengthen financial management and no time to lose.
❾ b轮融资 英文是什么要权威
天使轮通常是第一次融资。额度不会太多，产品处于早期孵化阶段。 A轮、B轮通常是第二次、第三次（偶尔会有preA preB这样的）。 越往后股权稀释越多，风险少，越早期股权越多但风险也大。